-core does no longer include the commands
"
Diamond" and "
Box"; they are included in the latexsym package, which is part of the base distribution and thus part of any LaTeX implementation. Please do not forget to use this package.
If you have access to the WWW, you can get the newest version of this document from http://www.ucc.ie/gnuplot/faq.html.
Today's version is
version
$Revision: 1.1.1.1 $, dated
$Date: 2002/12/07 18:33:30 $
Send comments, suggestions etc via email to the developer mailing list info-gnuplot-beta@Dartmouth.EDU.
gnuplot is a command-driven interactive function plotting program. It can be used to plot functions and data points in both two- and three-dimensional plots in many different formats, and will accommodate many of the needs of today's scientists for graphic data representation. gnuplot is copyrighted, but freely distributable; you don't have to pay for it.
This document deals with gnuplot Version 3.7 which is the latest official release as of January 13, 2003. References to bug-fix versions or (recent) beta versions are explicitly marked.
The authors of gnuplot are: Thomas Williams, Colin Kelley, Russell Lang, Dave Kotz, John Campbell, Gershon Elber, Alexander Woo and many others.
The following quote comes from Thomas Williams:
I was taking a differential equation class and Colin was taking Electromagnetics, we both thought it'd be helpful to visualize the mathematics behind them. We were both working as sys admin for an EE VLSI lab, so we had the graphics terminals and the time to do some coding. The posting was better received than we expected, and prompted us to add some, albeit lame, support for file data.
Any reference to GNUplot is incorrect. The real name of the program is "gnuplot". You see people use "gnuplot" quite a bit because many of us have an aversion to starting a sentence with a lower case letter, even in the case of proper nouns and titles. gnuplot is not related to the GNU project or the FSF in any but the most peripheral sense. Our software was designed completely independently and the name "gnuplot" was actually a compromise. I wanted to call it "llamaplot" and Colin wanted to call it "nplot." We agreed that "newplot" was acceptable but, we then discovered that there was an absolutely ghastly pascal program of that name that the Computer Science Dept. occasionally used. I decided that "gnuplot" would make a nice pun and after a fashion Colin agreed.
Gnuplot is neither written nor maintained by the FSF. It is not covered by the General Public License, either. It used to be distributed by the FSF, however, due to licensing issues it is no longer.
Gnuplot is freeware in the sense that you don't have to pay for it. However it is not freeware in the sense that you would be allowed to distribute a modified version of your gnuplot freely. Please read and accept the Copyright file in your distribution.
Yes. You can read in files from the command line, or you can redirect your standard input to read from a file. Both data and command files can be generated automatically, from data acquisition programs or whatever else you use.
Gnuplot is available for a number of platforms. These are: Unix (X11 and NeXTSTEP), VAX/VMS, OS/2, MS-DOS, Amiga, MS-Windows, OS-9/68k, Atari ST, BeOS, and the Macintosh.
Please notify the FAQ-maintainer of any further ports you might be aware of.
You should be able to compile the gnuplot source more or less out of the box on any reasonable standard (ANSI/ISO C, POSIX) environment.
Gnuplot is freeware authored by a collection of volunteers, who cannot make any legal statement about the compliance or non-compliance of gnuplot or its uses. There is also no warranty whatsoever. Use at your own risk.
Citing from the README of a mathematical subroutine package by R. Freund:
For all intent and purpose, any description of what the codes are doing should be construed as being a note of what we thought the codes did on our machine on a particular Tuesday of last year. If you're really lucky, they might do the same for you someday. Then again, do you really feel *that* lucky?
Gnuplot's compliance depends in part on the compliance of the underlying operating system and hardware. The only use gnuplot makes of a system- supplied date is in the "set timestamp" command, which simply echos the date on the plot. If the underlying OS cannot produce an accurate time string, then the "set timestamp" command may fail to print the correct date on plots.
In gnuplot 3.5, if the user chooses to use %y in a timestamp format, rather than %Y, it will print 2-digit rather than 4-digit years. The effects depend on the importance you place on the timestamps printed on plots.
Gnuplot 3.7 also allows the use of time/date data as variables, but the user has complete control over the input format of the data and the output format of the tic labels - the same 2-digit "%y" (interpreted as 1900+) and 4-digit "%Y" formats are both available. But again, these are user-specifiable, so if there is a Y2K problem here, it is the responsibility of the user.
Of course, gnuplot is built by executing a makefile, which may well be date-dependent. So if the operating system has a Y2K problem, the process of building a new executable of gnuplot may be affected. But that wouldn't be a problem with gnuplot per se.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
As of gnuplot beta version 3.7.0.9, the interpretation of the "%y" two digit year specifier was changed in accordance with the recommendations of The Open Group and all major Unix vendors. When a century is not otherwise specified, values in the range 69-99 refer to the twentieth century and values in the range 00-68 refer to the twenty-first century. Be very careful when interpreting 2-digit year expressions.
The following sites have more information about gnuplot.
Some documentation is available in other languages than English. Those include:
Here are some more sites, however these are somewhat outdated in carrying still references to beta versions. If you download software from there you should be aware that beta versions are not officially endorsed.
The following sites were said to exist, however they seem to be down right now.
The current version of gnuplot is 3.7, which has many improvements over 3.5. 3.6 was never released to avoid confusions with the beta versions.
The best place is definitly http://www.gnuplot.info. From there you find various pointers to other sites.
The source distribution ("gnuplot-3.7.tar.gz" or a similar name) is available from the official distribution site and its mirrors.
The main server is ftp.gnuplot.info in /pub/gnuplot/. This server is mirrored by several others, among those are
You can also have a look at the following WWW-pages which provide a source to obtain gnuplot:
The current version for the Macintosh is 2.04b, based on gnuplot 3.5 pre3.6beta338, and is available from
Unfortunately, this version does not seem to be maintained anymore.Source and binary distributions for the Amiga are available on Aminet ftp.wustl.edu in aminet/ and its mirrors, for example ftp.uni-kl.de, oes.orst.edu or ftp.luth.se.
MS-DOS and MS-Windows binaries are available from the above servers and are called gp37dos.zip, gp37dj.zip, gp37w16.zip, gp37mgw.zip, gnuplot3.7cyg.zip.
OS/2 binaries are called gp37os2.zip.
An X11 Window System front-end is available at http://www.flash.net/ dmishee/xgfe/xgfe.html.
The NeXTSTEP front end can be found at next-ftp.peak.org in /pub/next/binaries/plotting/Gnuplot1.2_bin.tar.Z.
A version for OS-9/68K can be found at cabrales.cs.wisc.edu in /pub/OSK/GRAPHICS/gnuplot32x.tar.Z; it includes both an X-Window Systems and a non - X-Window Systems version.
Versions for the Atari ST and TT, which include some GEM windowing support, are available from ftp.uni-kl.de in /pub/atari/graphics/, as gplt35st.zip and gplt35tt.zip. They work best under MiNT.
Executable files, plus documentation in Japanese, exist for the X680x0 on ftp.csis.oita-u.ac.jp in /pub/x68k/fj.binaries.x68000/vol2.
It is a good idea to look for a nearby ftp site when downloading things. You can use archie for this. See if an archie client is installed at your system (by simply typing archie at the command prompt), or send mail to archie@sura.net with the word 'help' in both the subject line and the body of the mail. However, be aware that the version you find at a near ftp site may well be out of date; check the last modification date and the number of bytes against the newest release at one of the official servers.
If you can't locate a working archie server, you can use other web-based search engines for searching for gnuplot. One of these would be Lycos at http://ftpsearch.lycos.com/.
As of June 1999, the gnuplot distribution is also mirrored at the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN) in the graphics/gnuplot directory. See
Bug fixes can also be found at gnuplot distribution sites in the patches directory.
As you would any other installation. Read the files README.1ST and README.
For Unix, use configure and make. For DOS, if you are using bash and DJGPP, you can just run djconfig.sh. For other platforms, copy the relevant makefile from config/ to src, change to src and run make.
The documentation is included in the source distribution. Look at the docs subdirectory, where you'll find
PostScript copies of the documentation can be ftp'd from ftp.dartmouth.edu in /pub/gnuplot, as manual.ps.Z and tutorial.ps.Z
The documentation is built during the installation if you have LATEX installed on your system, look in the directories docs and tutorial.
Documentation about gnuplot is available in the most common formats at the gnuplot distribution sites in the files gpdoc.zip and gpdoc2.zip.
Read this document.
Give the 'help' command at the initial prompt. After that, keep looking through the keywords. Good starting points are 'plot' and 'set'.
Read the manual, if you have it.
Look through the demo subdirectory; it should give you some ideas.
Ask your colleagues, the system administrator or the person who set up gnuplot.
If all these fail, please upgrade to the newest version of gnuplot or urge your system-administrator to do so. Then post a question to ~comp.graphics.apps.gnuplot or send mail to the gatewayed mailing list info-gnuplot@dartmouth.edu. Do not forget to cite the version number and the operating system. If you want to subscribe to the mailing list, send a mail to majordomo@dartmouth.edu with the body of the message being 'subscribe info-gnuplot'. Please don't do this if you can get ~comp.graphics.apps.gnuplot directly. If you post a question there, it is considered good form to solicit e-mail replies and post a summary.
The kind of output produced is determined by the 'set terminal' command; for example, 'set terminal postscript' will produce the graph in PostScript format. Output can be redirected using the 'set output' command.
As an example, the following prints out a graph of sin(x) on a Unix machine running the X-Window System.
gnuplot> plot [-6:6] sin(x) gnuplot> set terminal postscript Terminal type set to 'postscript' Options are 'landscape monochrome "Courier" 14' gnuplot> set output "sin.ps" gnuplot> replot gnuplot> set output # set output back to default gnuplot> set terminal x11 # ditto for terminal type gnuplot> ! lp -ops sin.ps # print PS File (site dependent) request id is lprint-3433 (standard input) lp: printed file sin.ps on fg20.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de (5068 Byte) ! gnuplot>
In Microschrott Windows you click in the upper left corner of the graph window and print directly from there.
Basically, you save your plot to a file in a format your word processor can understand (using "set term" and "set output", see above), and then you read in the plot from your word processor. Vector formats should be preferred, as you can scale your graph later to the right size.
Details depend on the kind of word processor you use; use "set term" to get a list of available file formats.
Many word processors can use Encapsulated PostScript for graphs. This can be generated by the "set terminal postscript eps" command. Most MS-DOS word processors understand HPGL (terminal type hpgl).
With TeX, it depends on what you use to print your dvi files. If you use dvips or dvi2ps, you can use Encapsulated PostScript. For emTeX (popular for MS-DOSns OS/2), you can use emTeX, otherwise use the LATEX terminal type, which generates a picture environment.
If nothing else helps, try using the pgm or ppm format and converting it to a bitmap format your favourite word processor can understand. An invaluable tool for this is Jef Poskanzer's PBMPLUS package.
The PBMPLUS package is available in the contrib distribution for the X-Window System. The original site for this is ftp.x.org in /contrib/. There are many mirrors, e.g. ftp.tu-darmstadt.de in /pub/X11/contrib/ or . sunsite.unc.edu in /pub/X11/contrib/.
The most recent release of pbm by the author is dated December 91 and is called pbmplus10dec91.tar.Z.
There is new version including lots of patches from the net that is not maintained by the author called netpbm, with the newest version called netpbm-1mar1994.tar.gz.
Check archie (see Q2.2) for an archive site near you.
For Microso$t Windows and MacOS you can use the clip board to copy your graph and paste it into your favourite Windows or MacOS word processor.
This depends on the terminal type you use.
You can use the terminal type fig (you may need to recompile
gnuplot to enable this terminal type, by putting #define FIG
into <term.h>), and use the xfig drawing program to edit the
plot afterwards. You can obtain the xfig program from its web site
http://www.xfig.org/. More information about the text-format used
for fig can be found in the fig-package.
You may use the tgif terminal, which creates output suitable for reading within tgif (http://bourbon.cs.umd.edu:8001/tgif/), an interactive 2-D drawing tool under X11.
Both tgif and xfig can also be obtained from the X Window contrib distribution (see Q3.3).
Pstoedit can convert Postscript into a wide variety of formats. Pstoedit is available a http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Nework/1958/pstoedit/.
Gimp may be able to post-process pixel graphics generated with gnuplot.
In general, you should use a vector graphics program to post-process vector graphic formats, and pixel based programs for pixel graphics.
Again, this depends on the terminal type. For PostScript, you can edit the generated PostScript file. An overview of what means what in the PostScript files gnuplot generates can be found at picard.tamu.edu in /pub/gnuplot/ as gs-ps.doc. A general introduction to PostScript can be found at unix.hensa.ac.uk in /pub/misc/ukc.reports/comp.sci/reports/ as 11-92.ps.Z.
If gnuplot was compiled with the external GD library, there is a gif terminal.
As of version 1.6, gd library dropped support for gif in favour of the superior png format. For those who absolutely need gif support in gnuplot, we are providing older versions of gd library at the gnuplot distribution sites which are free of Unisys patented code. Please read also the file README a the ftp-sites.
First have a look at animate.dem in the demo directory of gnuplot. Basically, animated graphs are a sequence of plots in a suitable format.
Then have a look at the tool whirlgif 3.04, available at http://www.danbbs.dk/ dino/whirlgif. It reads run-length encoded gifs and packs them into a minimal animation. On the web-pages you will find a manual and an example.
You can also write a small script to get gnuplot to output a family of GIF files, then have it execute some animator such as gifsicle: http://http://www.lcdf.org/ eddietwo/gifsicle or gifmerge http://http://the-labs.com/GIFMerge
mpeg_encode will encode a sequence of images into the mpeg-format.
Implicit graphs or curves cannot be plotted directly in gnuplot. However there is a workaround.
gnuplot> # as example. Place your definition in the following line
gnuplot> f(x,y) = y - x**2 / tan(y)
gnuplot> set contour base
gnuplot> set cntrparam levels discrete 0.0
gnuplot> set nosurface
gnuplot> set term table
gnuplot> set out 'curve.dat'
gnuplot> splot f(x,y)
gnuplot> set out
gnuplot> set term {your usual terminal for interactive work}
gnuplot> plot 'curve.dat' w l
The trick is to draw the single contour line z=0 of the surface
z=f(x,y), and store the resulting contour curve to a gnuplot datafile.
Too many things to be named here. Please refer to the NEWS file in the source distribution.
Version 3.7 supports hidden line removal on all platforms;
use the command set hidden3d.
The 16-bit binaries of gnuplot support the hidden line removal only partially as the hidden-line algorithm may hit the 640k memory limit.
Use the style "with boxes" for bar charts. To get filled boxes, you can try a modification by Steve Cumming and jturk, available via ftp from the contrib directory ftp.ucc.ie in /pub/gnuplot/contrib/gpl37fboxpatch.tar.gz.
Bernhard Reiter wrote an AWK script to post-process the fig-terminal output. Please have a look at http://www.usf.uni-osnabrueck.de/ breiter/tools/gnuplot/barcharts.en.html.
It's not possible in gnuplot, but have a look at http://www.usf.uni-osnabrueck.de/ breiter/tools/piechart/piecharts.en.html
It's not possible in gnuplot, but have a look at
http://ricardo.ecn.wfu.edu/ cottrell/qplot. The corresponding
file qplot.zip can be obtained from the contrib directory
on any gnuplot server.
Yes. You can have 2 x- and 2 y-axes per plot. See "plot".
Yes. "set multiplot"
If you use the postscript terminal and plot one graph per page you can use the program mpage (http://www.mesa.nl/pub/mpage) to print multiple logical pages per physical page. A similar program is the psnup program in the psutils package. This package is available at any CTAN mirror.
This is possible by the new plot "-" possibility. The
plot "-" command allows to read the data to be plot from
standard input or the current batch job.
gnuplot> plot "-" 1 1 2 4 3 9 <CTRL-D>
You might try using the LATEX terminal type and putting text
like "\\alpha_{3}" or '\alpha_{3}' into it.
The enhanced option in the postscript terminal is also able to use sub- and superscripts. It also allows to use Greek letters and symbols via symbol fonts.
If you include your gnuplot-graphs into a LATEX document you can use the LATEX-package psfrag to typeset any characters into your graphs.
One more possibility is to use the MetaPost terminal. It supports TEX syntax and is converted onto encapsulated PostScript by mpost.
Use "set size square".
Use the "with boxes" option.
To see a list of the available graphic drivers for your installation of gnuplot, type "set term".
Some graphics drivers are included in the normal distribution, but are uncommented by default. If you want to use them, you'll have to change gnuplot/term.h, and recompile.
Some terminals, like the postscript terminal can, others can't. Look at the help for the different terminals.
For this, you will need to recompile gnuplot.
Modifications people make are either done by replacing files, such as terminal drivers, or by 'patching'. If a file is a replacement, it will probably tell you in its README or in the lines at the beginning.
To patch a file, you need Larry Wall's patch utility. On many UNIX systems, it is already installed; do a man patch to check. If it isn't, you'll have to get it; it can be found wherever GNU software is archived.
By specifying ? as a data value, as in
1 2
2 3
3 ?
4 5
This can be specified with the various options for the command "plot".
Depending on context, the main methods are:
set arrow .... .... nohead where you have to compute
explicitly the start and the end of the arrow.
To obtain accentuated characters like ü or n into postscript plots you should use the postscript character codes together with the appropriate encoding option. See the following example:
gnuplot> set encoding iso_8859_1 gnuplot> set title "M\374nchner Bierverbrauch \374ber die Jahre" gnuplot> plot "bier.dat" u 1:2
First, try to see whether it actually is a bug, or whether it is a feature which may be turned off by some obscure set-command.
Next, see whether you have an old version of gnuplot; if you do, chances are the bug has been fixed in a newer release.
Fixes for bugs reported since the release of the current version are held in the patches directory at gnuplot distribution sites. Before submitting a bug report, please check whether the bug in question has already been fixed.
If, after checking these things, you still are convinced that there is a bug, proceed as follows. If you have a fairly general sort of bug report, posting to ~comp.graphics.apps.gnuplot is probably the way to go. If you have investigated a problem in detail, especially if you have a context or unified diff that fixes the problem, please e-email a report to bug-gnuplot@dartmouth.edu.
The bug-gnuplot list is for reporting and collecting bug fixes, the ~comp.graphics.apps.gnuplot newsgroup will be more help for finding work arounds or actually solving gnuplot related problems. If you do send in a bug report, be sure and include the version of gnuplot (including patchlevel) as shown by the command "show version long", terminal driver, operating system, an exact description of the bug and input which can reproduce the bug. Failure to indicate these details can render a solution to your problem almost impossible. Also, any context diffs should be referenced against the latest official version of gnuplot if at all possible.
Yes. John Campbell jdc@nauvax.ucc.nau.edu has written gplotlib, a version of gnuplot as C subroutines callable from a C program. This is available as gplotlib.tar.gz at ftp.nau.edu in /pub/gplotlib.tar.gz. This library has been updated to be compatible with version 3.5.
On systems supporting the pipes, you can pipe commands to gnuplot from other programs.
Extensions are available from ftp.ucc.ie in /pub/gnuplot/contrib/
Some extensions available:
Gnuplot has been and is a plotting program, no data processing or mathematical program suite. Therefore gnuplot can't do that. Look into the demo "bivariat.dem" for a basic implementation of an integration.
For more sophisticated data-processing read the next section.
gnuplot alone is not suited very well for this. One thing you might try
is fudgit, an interactive multi-purpose fitting program written by
Martin-D. Lacasse (isaac@frodo.physics.mcgill.ca). It can use
gnuplot as its graphics back end and is available from
ftp.physics.mcgill.ca in /pub/Fudgit/fudgit_2.33.tar.Z
and from
the main Linux server, tsx-11.mit.edu and its numerous mirrors around
the world as /pub/linux/sources/usr.bin/fudgit-2.33.tar.z.
Versions are available for AIX, Data General, HP-UX, IRIX 4, Linux,
NeXT, Sun3, Sun4, Ultrix, OS/2 and MS-DOS. The MS-DOS version is
available on simtel20 mirrors (simtel20 itself has closed down) in the
"math" subdirectory as fudg_231.zip.
Carsten Grammes has written a fitting program which has been merged into gnuplot 3.7.
Michael Courtney has written a program called lsqrft, which uses the Levenberg-Marquardt - Algorithm for fitting data to a function. It is available from hobbes.nmsu.edu in /pub/os2/apps/analysis/lsqrft15.zip; sources, which should compile on Unix, and executables for MS-DOS and OS/2 are available. There is an interface to the OS/2 presentation manager.
You might also want to look at the applications developed by the Software Tools Group (STG) at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. Ftp to ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu and get the file README.BROCHURE for more information.
You can also try pgperl, an integration of the PGPLOT plotting package with Perl 5. Information can be found at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/AAO/local/www/kgb/pgperl, the source is available from ftp.ast.cam.ac.uk in /pub/kgb/pgperl/ or linux.nrao.edu in /pub/packages/pgperl/.
Another possibility is Octave. To quote from its README: Octave is a high-level language, primarily intended for numerical computations. It provides a convenient command line interface for solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically. The latest released version of Octave is always available from http://www.che.wisc.edu/octave/ and via anonymous ftp from bevo.che.wisc.edu in /pub/octave. Octave is licensed under GPL (see http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html). By the way, octave uses gnuplot as its plotting engine, so you get a data-processing program on top of gnuplot.
Finally, there is scilab at http://www-rocq.inria.fr/scilab/ doing about the same as matlab. It is free but copyrighted software.
If your patch is small, mail it to info-gnuplot-beta@dartmouth.edu, with a thorough description of what the patch is supposed to do, which version of gnuplot it is relative to, etc. Also, you can send notification of the patch to the FAQ maintainer, if you want a mention. Please don't send the patch itself to me.
If your modifications are extensive (such as a port to another system), place them on a web/ftp site for download. There is currently no possibility to upload patches. Send a note to info-gnuplot-beta@dartmouth.edu on where to find the patch, what it is supposed to do, which version of gnuplot it is to be applied against. For the time being (summer 1999) you can also send the patch to gnuplot@ftp.ucc.ie.
Join the gnuplot beta test mailing list by sending a mail
containing the line
subscribe info-gnuplot-beta
in the body (not the subject) of the mail to
Majordomo@Dartmouth.EDU.
Also check with http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuplot about latest source for beta releases for development.
info-gnuplot-beta@Dartmouth.EDU.
Please submit your questions (along with the answer) to info-gnuplot-beta@Dartmouth.EDU.
Use a parametric plot. An example:
gnuplot> set parametric gnuplot> a=1 gnuplot> b=3 gnuplot> c=2 gnuplot> d=4 gnuplot> x1(t) = a+(b-a)*t gnuplot> x2(t) = c+(d-c)*t gnuplot> f1(x) = sin(x) gnuplot> f2(x) = x**2/8 gnuplot> plot [t=0:1] x1(t),f1(x1(t)) title "f1", x2(t), f2(x2(t)) title "f2"
You can also use gnuplot's ability to ignore mathematically undefined
expressions: the expression 1/0 is silently ignored, thus a
construction like
gnuplot> set xran [-10:10] gnuplot> plot (abs(x)>0.5?1/0: x**2)plots a quadratic function only for
|x| < 0.5.
If your system supports the popen() function, as Unix does, you should be able to run the output through another process, for example a short awk program, such as
gnuplot> plot "< awk ' { print $1, $3/$2 } ' file.in"
The plot command is very powerful and is able to do some arithmetic on datafiles. See "help plot".
There is a set of LATEX macros and shell scripts that are meant to make your life easier when using gnuplot with LATEX. This package can be found on ftp.dartmouth.edu in pub/gnuplot/latex.shar, by David Kotz. For example, the program "plotskel" can turn a gnuplot-output file plot.tex into a skeleton file skel.tex, that has the same size as the original plot but contains no graph. With the right macros, the skeleton can be used for preliminary LATEX passes, reserving the full graph for later passes, saving tremendous amounts of time.
Use the "save" and "load" commands for this; see "help save" and "help load" for details.
If the data in a data file for splot is arranged in such a way that each one has the same number of data points (using blank lines as delimiters, as usual), splot will plot the data with a grid. If you want to plot just lines, use a different number of data entries (you can do this by doubling the last data point, for example). Don't forget to set parametric mode, of course.
An example:
gnuplot> f(x,y) = x**2 + y **2 gnuplot> x(u) = 3*u gnuplot> yu(x) = x**2 gnuplot> yl(x) = -x**2 gnuplot> set parametric gnuplot> set cont gnuplot> splot [0:1] [0:1] u,yl(x(u))+(yu(x(u)) - yl(x(u)))*v,\ > f(x(u), (yu(x(u)) - yl(x(u)))*v)
Usually, there is a set command to do this; do a
gnuplot> ?set no
for a short overview.
There's a code which works for a UNIX system, using (efficient) named pipes. On M$ Windows platforms, due to the lacking standard input of GUI programs, you need to use the C-code pgnuplot written by Hans-Bernhard Broeker broeker@physik.rwth-aachen.de. You can obtain this file on a ftp-server carrying the source for gnuplot.
There is no predefined variable like pi. However to put h-bar as
a character into the label, you must use the PostScript terminal.
You can play around with constructs like
@{/=56 -} {/=24 h} or
{/=8 @{/Symbol=24 -} _{/=14 h}}
In the latter, the "-" (a long one in /Symbol) is non-spacing and 24-pt.
The 14-pt "h" is offset by an 8-pt space (which is the space preceding
the "_") but smaller, since it's written as a subscript.
But these don't look too much like the hbar we're used to, since the bar
is horizontal instead of sloped. I don't see a way to get that. I
tried using an accent (
264 in isoLatin encoding), but I haven't found a
way to scale and position the pieces correctly.
One more possibility would be
{/=14 @^{/Symbol=10 -}{/=14 h}}.
(This is a hint by Richard Crawford).
$ gnuplot_x11 :== $disk:[directory]gnuplot_x11
$ gnuplot :== $disk:[directory]gnuplot.exe
$ def/job GNUPLOT$HELP disk:[directory]gnuplot.hlb
Then run gnuplot from your command line, and use "set term x11".
If you run gnuplot on Unix systems, be sure that the newest
gnuplot_x11 is the first in your search path.
Update to the newest gnuplot. Gnuplot 3.7 is able to read Fortran-style files where a blank line can contain more than a linefeed.
Gnuplot treats all numbers less than 1e-08 as zero, by default. Thus, if you are trying to plot a collection of very small numbers, they may be plotted as zero. Worse, if you're plotting on a log scale, they will be off scale. Or, if the whole set of numbers is "zero", your range may be considered empty:
gnuplot> plot 'test1'
Warning: empty y range [4.047e-19:3e-11], adjusting to [-1:1]
gnuplot> set yrange [4e-19:3e-11]
gnuplot> plot 'test1'
^
y range is less than `zero`
The solution is to change gnuplot's idea of "zero":
gnuplot> set zero 1e-20
For more information, "help set zero"
Put a pause -1 after the plot command in the file. On an X-Window System
system, you can also use the -persist option, the X11 window is
then not closed. Close the X11 window by typing "q" when the focus is on
it.
Gnuplot does integer, and not floating point, arithmetic on integer expressions. For example, the expression 1/3 evaluates to zero. If you want floating point expressions, supply trailing dots for your floating point numbers. Example:
gnuplot> print 1/3
0
gnuplot> print 1./3.
0.333333
This way of evaluating integer expressions is shared by both C and Fortran.
You need to flush the output with a closing 'set output'.
Please upgrade to gnuplot 3.7. Some versions of its beta-release had a problem in the LATEX-terminal.
The LATEX2-core does no longer include the commands
"
Diamond" and "
Box"; they are included in the latexsym package,
which is part of the base distribution and thus part of any LaTeX
implementation. Please do not forget to use this package.
This is a known bug and is fixed in the latest release. If you need the feature please upgrade to the latest release.
The examples have been removed from the NASA site. You can find the examples now at http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs. There you will find both PNG and GIF versions of the demo plots. There are some licensing problems with GIF images, so you should probably prefer the PNG ones. They also have the advantage to be much smaller in size.
You can call gnuplot by using a short Perl-script like the following:
#!/usr/local/bin/perl -w open (GP, "|/usr/local/bin/gnuplot -persist") or die "no gnuplot"; # force buffer to flush after each write use FileHandle; GP->autoflush(1); print GP,"set term x11;plot '/tmp/data.dat' with lines\n"; close GP
Gnuplot closes its plot window on exit. The close GP
command is executed, and the plot window is closed even before you have
a chance to look at it.
There are three solutions to this: first, use the pause -1
command in gnuplot before closing the pipe. Second, close the pipe
only if you are sure that you don't need gnuplot and its plot window
anymore. Last, you can use the command line option -persist: this
option leaves the X-Window System plot window open.
Gnuplot 3.7's main contributors are (in alphabetical order) Hans-Bernhard Broeker, John Campbell, Robert Cunningham, David Denholm, Gershon Elber, Roger Fearick, Carsten Grammes, Lucas Hart, Lars Hecking, Thomas Koenig, David Kotz, Ed Kubaitis, Russell Lang, Alexander Lehmann, Alexander Mai, Carsten Steger, Tom Tkacik, Jos Van der Woude, James R. Van Zandt, and Alex Woo.
This list was initially compiled by John Fletcher with contributions from Russell Lang, John Campbell, David Kotz, Rob Cunningham, Daniel Lewart and Alex Woo. Reworked by Thomas Koenig from a draft by Alex Woo, with corrections and additions from Alex Woo, John Campbell, Russell Lang, David Kotz and many corrections from Daniel Lewart. Again reworked for gnuplot 3.7 by Alexander Mai and Juergen v.Hagen with corrections by Lars Hecking, Hans-Bernhard Broecker and other people.
This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2002-2-1 (1.70)
Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,
Nikos Drakos,
Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999,
Ross Moore,
Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.
The command line arguments were:
latex2html -split 0 -show_section_numbers -html_version 4.0 -nonavigation faq.tex
The translation was initiated by Lars Hecking on 2003-01-13